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Our various improvements not only mark a diminution of
the function improved upon.....but they also
work to dissolve some of the fundamental authority of the
human itself. We are experiencing the gradual
steady erosion .....of the species itself. ----Sven Birkerts


Debate between Janet Murray & Sven Birkerts in Hotwired 9 July 97

Amazon.com strongly recommended Jon Katz's review columns
Part 1 and Part 2

Interview with David Gergen October 19, 1997, PBS Newshour

Hot Norman

Student work from Janet Murray's Fall 99 Interactive Narrative Class at the Georgia Institute of Technology
The Contingent Kiss Sarah Cooper's three-act interactive story
13 ways of looking at a blackbird Patrick Ledwell

 


PART I. A NEW MEDIUM FOR STORYTELLING



Chapter 1. Lord Burleigh's Kiss

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Alien Kisses

The Thinking Woman's Feely

 



Chapter 2. Harbingers of the Holodeck

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The Multiform Story

The Active Audience
What are MUDs?
A Graphical MUD
Other MUDs

Howard Rheingold on Muds from "The Virtual Community(1993)"
Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games:
Ultima On Line ; Everquest ; Asheron's Call
Solo or Group Role Playing Game:
Diablo II
Movies in Three Dimensions
Wings of Courage IMAX 3D
Across The Sea of Time IMAX 3D
Riding the Movies
Back to the Future - The RIde
Dramatic Storytelling in Games
Jordan Mechner's The Last Express a CD-ROM game set on the Orient Express on the Eve of World War I
Story Webs
Crimescene (Formerly "Crime Story" )
Hyperizons Michael Shumate's Guide to Hypertext
"O Moscovita" by Ricardo Anderos,Story Web from Brazil
Post Modern Hypertext Theorists and Practitioners
Michael Joyce's Afternoon
Eastgate Systems
Mark Amerika's Grammatron
Stuart Moultrop's On-Line Essays
Shelley Jackson's
Patchwork Girl
Chapter 1: Ergodic Literature by Espen Aarseth
Resource Center for Cyberculture Studies
Computer Scientists as Storytellers
ALIVE Project
CMU SCS OZ Project Home Page
"Diamond Park" Virtual Reality Environment
University of Illinois CAVE Virtual Reality System and CAVE Demonstration Projects



Chapter 3. From Additive to Expressive Form

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Beyond Multimedia

Excerpt from Chapter 3

ELIZA comes to Life

Eliza
Eliza comes to Life Norman Holland, EJournal, April 1994
Digital Environments are Participatory
Bubbe's back porch anthology site including reader-submitted stories
Digital Environments are Procedural
Zork : A Computerized Fantasy Simulation Game
Digital Environments are Spatial
Stuart Moultrop's Victory Garden
Digital Environments are Encyclopedic
For example print and broadcast news in the form of newspapers, radio broadcasts and TV shows have all moved online, including their archives :

Chicago Tribune
NY Times
MSNBC
CNN
National Public Radio
Digital Structures of Complexity
"As We May Think" by Vannevar Bush (The Atlantic Monthly Magazine 1945)
"Augmenting Human Intellect" Doug Englebart picking up on Bush's ideas (October 1962)
Ted Nelson who coined the term "hypertext" and the Xanadu hypertext system
Hypertexted excerpt from Ted Nelson's "Literary Machines in Feed Magazine"
Exploring Emergence Mitchell Resnick and Brian Silverman, on line active essay




PART II. THE AESTHETICS OF THE MEDIUM



Chapter 4. Immersion

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In short, he so buried himself in his books that he spent nights reading from twilight til daybreak and the days
from dawn till dark; and so from little sleep and much reading his brain dried up and he lost his wits. He filled his
mind with all that he read in them, with enchantments, quarrels, battles, challenges, wounds, wooings, loves,
torments, and other impossible nonsense; and so deeply divided did he steep his imagination in the belief that
all fanciful stuff he read was true, that....{h}e decided....to turn knight errant and travel throughout the world with
horse and armour in search of adventures.
---Don Quixote de la Mancha

Entering the Enchanted Place
The Society for Creative Anachronism
The Kids Room a project of the MIT LAB
Finding the Border

Structuring Participation as a Visit


The Active Creation of Belief
Twenty Minutes Later : The History of ClanRing
Structuring Participation with a Mask
Woggles at CMU
Structuring Collective Participation with Roles
Assassins Guild at MIT (A live action role playing group)
"Lifeboat" by Marleigh I. Norton, a short role playing game submitted as a final project for Interactive Fiction Course
Guide to current MUDs
Regulating Arousal
A Rape in Cyberspace Julian Dibbell (Village Voice, 1993)



Chapter 5. Agency

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The Pleasures of Navigation

The Story in the Maze


The Rapture of the Rhizome
Feed Magazine Forum on Hypertext
Giving shape to Anxiety

The Journey Story and the Pleasure of
Problem Solving


Games into Stories
Scott McCloud's "95"
Chris Crawford's "The Art of Computer Game Design"
The Contest Story

Constructivism
Ted Friedman "Making Sense of Software" (on Simcity, 1995)
A Walk-through of a make-your-own fish Virtual Fish Tank

The Interactor as Author

Yasmin Kafai and Mitchell Resnic, "Constructionism in Practice : Designing, Thinking and Learning in a Digital World"




Chapter 6. Transformation

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Kaleidoscopic Narrative

Morphing Story Environments
Alternate Star Wars Movies : Kevin Rubio's "Troops"
Virtual Reality in Haworth Parsonage

Enactment as a Transformational Experience


Refused Closure


Tragedy in Electronic Narrative
The Web of Mourning
Simulation and Destiny
The Multipositional View
253 a navigable story from 253 points of view, set on a London subway train, by Geoff Ryman

Mass Transit by Freedom
Baird, set in various New York vehicles



PART III. PROCEDURAL AUTHORSHIP



Chapter 7. The Cyberbard and the Multiform Plot

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A plot is ..... a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality. "The king died and then the queen died" is
a story. "The king died and then the queen died of grief is a plot.
" ---E.M. Forster, Aspects of the Novel

The Oral Bard as Storytelling System

Vladimir Propp and the Bardic Algorithm


The Computer as Storyteller
A Story as You Like It, based on Raymond Queneau's multiply assembled story (and other combinatory writing)
Mark's Apology Note Generator
Selmer Bringsjord's Story Generation Research
The Shaping of the Human Storyteller
Randy Pauch's free Alice software (for non-programmers to make Virtual Reality environments)
The Coming Cyberbard

Joseph Bates' OZ Project
Sheldon Klein's work at Unversity of Wisconsin



Chapter 8. Eliza's Daughters

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The Novelist ... makes us a number of word-masses roughly describing himself.. gives them names and sex, assigns them plausible gestures, and causes them to speak by the use of inverted commas, and perhaps behave inconsistently. These word-masses are his characters ---E.M. Forster, Aspects of the Novel.


Norman Holland "Eliza Meets the Post-Modern"

Chatterbots
Simon Laven's Chatterbot Page
Entertaining Agents : Julia by Lenny Foner
Virtual Personalities, Michael Maudlin's latest creations
Erin the Bartender in Spence's Bar, created by Barbara Hayes-Roth
Authorship of Chatterbots
CharacterMaker program used in Janet Murray's course
Modeling the Inner Life

Goal Based Critters
Lyotard the Cat
CMU OZ Project

Multicharacter Environments
Andrew Stern and Adam Frank on Multiple Character Interaction (Computer Game Developers Conference, '98)
Pulling the Strings of the Digital Puppet
Silas the Dog
The NYU IMPROV Project at the MRL
Emergence as Animation
Tamagotchis
IMPROV Systems Paper : SIGGRAPH '96 Conference Proceedings
Bradley Rhodes' Three Little Pigs
Cog , a robot built at MIT's AI Lab that mimics a baby's development
Michael Resnicks Virtual Fish Tank



PART IV. NEW BEAUTY, NEW TRUTH



Chapter 9. Digital TV and the Emerging Formats of Cyberdrama

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The Hyperserial : TV Meets the Internet
Homocide Websodic
Mobile Viewer Movies

Virtual Places and Fictional Neighborhoods


Role-Playing in an Authored World
Ultima online, a graphical MUD
The Emerging Cyberdrama
Interactive Cinema at MIT's Media Lab




Chapter 10. Hamlet on the Holodeck?

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Procedural Authority

Traditions of Virtuosity


Formulaic Invention and Orginality


New Beauty, New Truth